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Class-A office buildings: tenant energy pass-through guide

Commercial

Class-A leases pass operating expenses to tenants pro-rata. Locking the building rate cuts the OPEX line by 8 to 14 percent. The owner-tenant playbook.

Harry Parker

Energy Consultant, Seenra Inc

Commercial10 min readPublished

Featured infographic

Class-A office energy cost flow

Landlord buys electricity → CAM allocation → pro-rata pass-through to tenants. Lock at the landlord level for tenant benefit.

Open graph image · /og/two-pool-bill.png

Class-A office buildings typically pass operating expenses (including electricity) to tenants pro-rata under triple-net or modified-gross leases. Locking the building supply rate cuts the energy line of the OPEX by 8 to 14 percent. The savings pass to tenants and reduce CAM (Common Area Maintenance) reconciliation surprises. Some leases require landlord-tenant alignment on supplier choice — the split-incentive problem.

The pass-through mechanism

Class-A office leases typically pass operating expenses through to tenants as part of CAM charges. Electricity is one of the largest pass-through items, typically 12 to 22 percent of OPEX.

Landlords control supplier choice. Tenants pay their pro-rata share regardless of what supplier the landlord picks. Locking at the landlord level cuts the entire OPEX line for all tenants.

The split-incentive problem

Landlords have no direct incentive to lock the lowest rate because the savings pass to tenants, not the landlord. Some landlords therefore stay on the utility default with no shopping.

Green-lease standards address this with shared-savings frameworks. The landlord captures 25 to 50 percent of the savings as incentive payment, and tenants get the rest as reduced CAM.

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Common questions

Quick answers from the editorial desk

Can tenants demand the landlord lock the rate?
Triple-net leases typically give tenants the right to audit and challenge unreasonable OPEX expenses. A clear demonstration that the landlord is overpaying vs market is grounds for negotiation.
Do tenants need to approve supplier changes?
Usually no. The landlord controls supplier choice unilaterally. Some green-lease standards require notification but rarely approval.
How often is OPEX reset?
Annually for most Class-A leases. The reset compares actual OPEX vs the budget; tenants receive credit or owe difference depending on direction.
What is a green-lease standard?
Lease language that aligns landlord-tenant incentives on energy efficiency. The landlord captures a share of energy savings as incentive payment; tenants get reduced CAM.

Further reading

Pillar guide, cluster siblings, and state pages cited above

Sources

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